Protocol for a Critical Analysis of Yonivyapad Formulations in Carakasamhita with Special Reference to Shareeraguna and Underlying Siddhanta – sarvada sarvabhavanam samanyam vrddhikaranaṃ | hrasahetur viseshas ca, pravrttir ubhayasya tu |

Introduction

Yonivyapad is a term in Ayurveda that refers to a wide variety of diseases related to the female reproductive system. These conditions are mainly caused by imbalances in the three basic energies of the body known as doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. When these doshas go out of balance, women may experience problems like irregular periods, infertility, unusual vaginal discharges, pain, and other symptoms. The classical Ayurvedic text Carakasamhita explains 20 different types of Yonivyapad. Each type has its own set of causes, symptoms, dominant doshas, and body characteristics (Shareera Guna).

To properly understand Yonivyapad, one must look closely at how the doshas work in the body and how the qualities (gunas) of the body change with disease. Ayurveda teaches that health depends on a balance of doshas and gunas. When this balance is disturbed, disease occurs. So, studying Yonivyapad with reference to both Shareera Guna and the basic Ayurvedic principle of Samanya–Vishesha Siddhanta is important to understand both how the disease starts and how to treat it effectively using classical Ayurvedic methods.

Shareera Guna: Basic Qualities of the Body

Shareera Guna are the natural qualities or properties that form the base of all body functions and structures. There are 20 pairs of opposing qualities, called Gurvadi Gunas—like heavy-light (guru-laghu), dry-unctuous (ruksha-snigdha), cold-hot (shita-ushna), sharp-soft (tikshna-mrdu), and mobile-stable (chala-sthira). These qualities help us understand how the doshas affect the body and mind. Good health depends on a proper balance among these gunas.

In the case of Yonivyapad, different types of the disorder show different patterns of guna imbalance:

• Vata-type disorders usually show dryness (ruksha), lightness (laghu), and coldness (shita), which may cause symptoms like vaginal dryness, pain, and missed periods.
• Pitta-type disorders show more heat (ushna), sharpness (tikshna), and fluidity (drava), leading to burning, inflammation, and heavy bleeding.
• Kapha-type disorders show oiliness (snigdha), heaviness (guru), and dullness (manda), which can result in thick vaginal discharge, sluggishness, and cyst-like growths.

By carefully observing these guna patterns, an Ayurvedic physician can understand the nature of the disorder and decide on the correct treatment using substances that have opposite gunas to bring the body back into balance.

Principle of Samanya and Vishesha Siddhanta

A key principle in Ayurveda is Samanya–Vishesha Siddhanta, which helps in deciding how to treat any disease. This concept is clearly explained in Carakasamhita:

“सर्वदा सर्वभावानां सामान्यं वृद्धिकारणम् । ह्रासहेतुर्विशेषश्च, प्रवृत्तिरुभयस्य तु ।।”

“Samanya (similarity) increases the same quality in the body, while Vishesha (difference) decreases it. These two principles are always at work in the body.”

In simple terms:

• If a guna or dosha is too low, we increase it using substances with similar qualities (Samanya).
• If a guna or dosha is too high, we reduce it using substances with opposite qualities (Vishesha).

This rule applies to all kinds of treatments—whether it is food, medicine, lifestyle, or therapies. For example, in Vata-type Yonivyapad, where there is dryness and coldness, warm and oily treatments like oil massage (Abhyanga) help to restore balance. In Pitta-type disorders, where there is too much heat, cooling and soft herbs like Chandana and Sariva are used to calm the symptoms.

Ayurvedic Formulations in Yonivyapad: Use of Gunas and the Principle of Treatment

Carakasamhita provides detailed treatments for each type of Yonivyapad, using:

• Herbal remedies (single or compound)
• Different preparation forms like powders (churna), oils (taila), and medicated ghee (ghrita)
• Specific carriers for administration (anupana)
• Panchakarma procedures like yoni pichu and uttara basti

The choice of treatment depends not just on the name of the disease, but on the specific dosha and guna involved. The doctor selects medicines based on their own gunas, using the Samanya–Vishesha principle to either strengthen or reduce specific qualities in the body.

Examples:

• In Vata-type Yonivyapad (like scanty periods), the body shows dryness, coldness, and lightness. So, medicines with oily (snigdha), warm (ushna), and heavy (guru) qualities—like Tila taila or Phala ghrita—are used.
• In Pitta-type Yonivyapad (like excessive bleeding or burning), there is too much heat and sharpness. Cooling and softening herbs—like Chandana or Sariva—are used.
• In Kapha-type Yonivyapad (like leukorrhea), heaviness and oiliness are dominant. Light and drying herbs—like Musta and Lodhra—are preferred to reduce Kapha’s effects. For instance, in Kapha-type leukorrhea (Shweta Pradara), where there is heaviness and excessive mucus-like discharge, herbs like Lodhra (astringent and drying) and Musta (light and bitter) help to bring balance and reduce Kapha.

Textual Basis and Selection Criteria

This study mainly relies on the Carakasamhita, along with Chakrapani’s commentary, because it offers the most complete and detailed explanation of Yonivyapad, its types, causes, and treatments. To support and cross-verify this information, other classical Ayurvedic texts such as Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya (from the Brihattrayi) are used, along with useful references from Laghutrayi texts like Madhava Nidana, Sharangadhara Samhita, and Bhavaprakasha. Texts like Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Chakradatta, and Hemadri help to understand the practical aspects of Ayurvedic pharmacy and therapies. For identifying herbs, understanding synonyms, and confirming therapeutic uses, respected Nighantus and trustworthy online resources from organizations like CCRAS and NIA are used carefully, but only in support of classical sources.

Only classical texts and commentaries that are well-known and accepted in Ayurvedic literature are included. Translations and scholarly articles are used only if they stick closely to the original Sanskrit texts. Modern interpretations, regional translations, and internet sources that do not directly refer to classical Ayurvedic principles are not included. This method ensures that the study is based on authentic sources, maintains academic clarity, and preserves the original Ayurvedic knowledge.

Summary and Structure of Analysis

This research focuses on understanding Yonivyapad based on the Carakasamhita, especially with regard to Shareera Guna and the Samanya–Vishesha Siddhanta. It includes:

• Studying the types and causes of Yonivyapad as described in classical texts
• Identifying the dominant doshas and gunas in each type
• Matching the qualities of medicines to the qualities of the disease to understand how and why they work

By following this structured, classical approach, the study aims to show how ancient Ayurvedic knowledge still offers valuable insights for treating women’s health problems in a logical and personalized way.

Aim:

To critically analyse the formulations for Yonivyapad mentioned in Carakasamhita, in relation to Sharir Guna and the underlying Ayurvedic principle of  “सर्वदा सर्वभावानां सामान्यं वृद्धिकारणम् । ह्रासहेतुर्विशेषश्च, प्रवृत्तिरुभयस्य तु ।।” in order to understand their relevance and application in modern therapeutic contexts.

Objectives:

Primary Objective:

1. To study the types of Yonivyapad and their classification in Carakasamhita

• Analyze the 20 types of Yonivyapad based on their dosha imbalances and associated gunas.

1. To explore the role of Sharir Guna in the pathogenesis of Yonivyapad

• Investigate how specific bodily qualities (e.g., guru, laghu, ruksha, snigdha, etc.) contribute to the development of various Yonivyapad conditions.

1. To examine the application of the Ayurvedic principle of Samanya and Vishesha in the treatment of Yonivyapad

• Assess how Samanya (similarity) and Vishesha (dissimilarity) principles are utilized in formulating treatments to balance doshas and gunas.

Secondary Objectives:

1. To identify and categorize formulations for Yonivyapad based on Sharir Guna and dosha involvement
   • Create a comprehensive list of Ayurvedic formulations prescribed for different types of Yonivyapad, categorized by Shareera Guna and dosha targeting.
2. To critically analyze the relevance of these formulations in contemporary gynaecological practice
   • Evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of classical Ayurvedic treatments for modern conditions such as PCOS, menstrual irregularities, infertility, etc.
3. To provide recommendations for integrating Ayurvedic principles into modern gynaecological care
   • Suggest ways to enhance personalized treatment and preventive healthcare using Ayurvedic insights in women’s reproductive health.

Research Question

• How do the formulations for Yonivyapad in Carakasamhita, based on Sharir Guna and the Samanya-Vishesha Siddhanta, contribute to treating gynaecological disorders, and what is their relevance in modern clinical practice?

Materials

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Primary Source Text

• Carakasamhita serves as the fundamental text for the present research work, being one of the most authoritative treatises of Ayurvedic medicine.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Classical texts included in the study:

   – Carakasamhita (Primary text)

   – Texts from Brihattrayi (Greater triad):

     – Sushruta Samhita

     – Ashtanga Hridaya

   – Texts from Laghutrayi (Lesser triad)

   – Bhaishajya Ratnavali (Specifically for pharmaceutical procedures and formulation details)

   – Chakradatta

   – Hemadri

2. Published Sanskrit editions with authentic commentaries
3. Research articles and publications directly referencing these classical texts
4. Authenticated translations in English

Exclusion Criteria

1. Texts not included within Brihattrayi and Laghutrayi corpus
2. Translations in Hindi and other regional languages
3. Unpublished manuscripts of the aforementioned texts
4. Secondary sources without direct reference to the classical texts
5. Modern interpretations lacking classical textual evidence
6. Non-peer reviewed publications

Rationale for Selection

The selection of these texts is based on their historical significance, authenticity, and direct relevance to the research objectives. Carakasamhita, being the primary source, provides the foundational concepts, while Bhaishajya Ratnavali offers detailed pharmaceutical procedures essential for standardization. Other included texts offer valuable supplementary information and scholarly perspectives that enhance the comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

Methods

1. Classical Textual Source Selection:

• Used Carakasamhita as primary text with Chakrapani commentary.
• Included only classical Yonivyapad and related formulations from Caraka.

2. Criteria for Inclusion:

• All formulations prescribed by Caraka specifically for Yonivyapad.
• b.     Only clear references where Guna and Dosha are explicitly mentioned.

3. Mapping Shareera Guna:

• For each Yonivyapad, studied symptoms and identified the Guna (quality) imbalance described in Samhita.
• Mapped each ingredient’s Guna (from Dravyaguna texts & Samhita) to understand therapeutic action.

4. Application of Samanya–Vishesha Siddhanta:

• Analyzed whether the formulation’s main action is via Samanya (similar Guna to increase/restore) or Vishesha (opposite Guna to decrease/harmonize) according to the verse:

5. Tabulation and Comparative Analysis:

• Compiled findings into structured tables—linking Yonivyapad, Guna, formulation, and Siddhantic approach.
• Highlighted clinical logic: whether therapy increases deficient Gunas (Samanya) or diminishes excess Gunas (Vishesha).

6. Reference Cross-Validation:

• Cross-checked commentary (esp. Chakrapani) for explanations on interplay between Guna, Dravya, and treatment logic.

 Expected Outcomes

Primary Outcomes:

1. Integration of Ayurvedic and Modern Approaches in Gynecology
   • Development of holistic treatment strategies for conditions like through Ayurvedic formulations mentioned in Carakasamhita.
2. Dosha-Specific Treatment Based on Shareera Guna
   • Enhanced understanding of the role of Shareera Guna (e.g., guru, ruksha) in the pathogenesis of Yonivyapad, enabling more precise, individualized treatments.
3. Validation of Classical Ayurvedic Formulations
   • Critical evaluation and validation of Ayurvedic formulations for relevance and effectiveness in contemporary gynecological practice.

Secondary Outcomes:

1. Theoretical Foundation for Future Clinical Research
   • Laying groundwork for future clinical trials and academic research focused on Ayurvedic treatments in gynecology.
2. Global Acceptance and Integration of Ayurveda
   • Promotion of Ayurveda as a viable complementary system in global healthcare by demonstrating its applicability and efficacy.
3. Broader Application of Samanya–Vishesha Principle
   • Insight into how this fundamental Ayurvedic principle can be applied beyond gynecology, encouraging cross-disciplinary use in modern medicine.

Significance of the Study

This study bridges classical Ayurvedic concepts with modern gynecological care by analyzing Yonivyapad through dosha imbalances and Shareera Guna. It promotes personalized treatment approaches for conditions like PCOS, infertility, and dysmenorrhea. By validating classical formulations and applying principles like Samanya and Vishesha, the research supports the integration of Ayurveda into contemporary healthcare and provides a foundation for future clinical studies

Table No. 1: Advantages and Limitations of the Protocol and Its Relevance to Study Objectives

How the Protocol Supports the Study Objectives:

• Facilitates Systematic Classification and Analysis: The clear organization of Yonivyapad types according to doshic imbalances and Shareera Guna directly supports the objective of studying their classification in Carakasamhita and understanding the root causes through an Ayurvedic lens.
• Elucidates Pathogenesis via Shareera Guna: The focus on gunas helps to unravel how specific bodily qualities contribute to different Yonivyapad manifestations, fulfilling the aim of exploring their roles in disease mechanisms.
• Rationalizes Treatment Principles: By employing the Samanya–Vishesha Siddhanta for formulation selection and therapy design, the protocol closely aligns with the objective of examining Ayurvedic treatment application in Yonivyapad.
• Supports Relevance Assessment and Integration: The inclusion of classical formulations and exclusion based on strict criteria ensure critical analysis is grounded in authoritative texts, allowing an authentic evaluation of their relevance for modern gynecological conditions.
• Promotes Individualized and Preventive Care: The methodological focus on individualized profiles and preventive strategies through diet, herbs, and lifestyle offers specific pathways for integrating Ayurveda’s emphasis on personalized healthcare into current practice.

Summary: Overall, the protocol’s advantages reinforce the depth, authenticity, and clinical relevance of the study, directly supporting its core objectives. Limitations underline the importance of future interdisciplinary research, scientific validation, and consideration of broader evidence to enhance the applicability and acceptance of Ayurveda in modern gynecology.

Future Implications

The methodology and formulations reviewed in this study suggest several promising directions for the evolution of women’s healthcare:

Table No. 2: Potential Future Implications

In summary, reviving and revalidating these classical approaches could enhance the management of gynecological disorders globally, paving the way for integrative, patient-centered care and sustainable health outcomes for women.

Timeline

References:

1. Charak Samhita English translation, https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/charaka-samhita-english/d/doc1083059.html by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society | 1949 | 383,279 words | ISBN-13: 9788176370813
2. Carakasamhitā, Sutrasthan, Dirghanjivitiyamadhyaya, 1/44, available from https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read (Accessed on 9^th April 2025)
3. Kavirajshree Ambika Datta Shastri Ayurvedacharya, Bhaishajyaratnawali, Chaukhambaprakashan, Varanasi, Ch. 66/114-118 Streerogadhikar.
4. Carakasamhitā Sutrasthan 1/49 https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read  (Accessed on 9^th April 2025)
5. Kavirajshree Ambika Datta Shastri Ayurvedacharya, Bhaishajyaratnawali, Chaukhambaprakashan, Varanasi, Stree Rogadhikar 233-235.
6. Carakasamhitā Chikitsasthan 30/ 90-95, (Accessed on 9^th April 2025) https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read