Introduction:
National Institute of Ayurveda is a premium institute under Ministry of AYUSH. It is a deemed university running various academic programs in Ayurveda such as BAMS, MD/MS, Ph.D., DANP & Certificate Courses. Recently, NIA has launched Post-Graduate Interdisciplinary M.Sc. courses.One among the course is related to Vrikshayurveda.
OUTCOMES & CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN AYURVEDA MANUSCRIPTOLOGY:
Understanding of the importance of medicinal plants in global health sector.
· Identification of Challenges and knowledge of their mitigation methods for sustainable quality medicinal plants supply, their optimum utilization and conservation.
· Knowledge and techniques of production and quality evaluation of medicinal plant material.
· Knowledge and practice of management of complete supply chain of medicinal plants.
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
· Medicinal plant consultants in government organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and non-governmental organizations and with plant breeders related to medicinal plants propagation.
- Work as raw drug suppliers and also manage the supply chain for the pharmacies.
· They can pursue Ph.D. in the related fields after completing this course.
· This course will aid in the holistic improvement of existing knowledge regarding the conservation, cultivation.
Departments (Specialities)
| Equivalent Term | |
| Poshanahara | Ayurvedic Diet & Nutrition |
| Ayurveda Manuscriptology | Ayurveda Manuscriptology |
| Ayur-Yoga Preventive Cardiology | Ayurveda Preventive Cardiology |
| Marma Chikitsa evam Kreeda Bheshaj | Marmalogy & Sports Medicine |
| Saundarya Ayurveda | Ayurveda Cosmetology |
| Vrikshayurveda | Prevention, Cultivation & Development of Medicinal Plants |
Degree to be Awarded
| Department | Degree to be awarded |
| Poshanahara | M.Sc. in Ayurveda Diet and Nutrition (Poshanahara) |
| Ayurveda Manuscriptology | M.Sc. in Ayurveda Manuscriptology |
| Ayur-Yoga Preventive Cardiology | M.Sc. in Ayur-Yoga Preventive Cardiology |
| Marma Chikitsa evam Kreeda Bheshaj | M.Sc. in Marmalogy and Sports Medicine (Marma Chikitsa evam Kreeda Bheshaj ) |
| Saundarya Ayurveda | M.Sc. in Saundarya Ayurveda (Ayurvedic Cosmetology) |
| Vrikshayurveda | M.Sc. in Vrikshayurveda- |
SEATS
2 Seats in each department
ELIGIBILITY
| Department | Eligible Criteria |
| Poshanahara | BAMS/BSMS/BHMS/BUMS/BNYS/MBBS/ B.Sc in Dietetics/M.Sc in Dietetics/ B.Sc in Food and Nutrition |
| Ayurveda Manuscriptology | BAMS/BSMS/BHMS/BUMS/BNYS/MBBS/ M.A in Sanskrit |
| Ayur-Yoga Preventive Cardiology | BAMS/BSMS/BHMS/BUMS/BNYS/MBBS/ Other AYUSH graduates |
| Marma Chikitsa evam Kreeda Bheshaj | BAMS/BSMS/BHMS/BUMS/BNYS/MBBS/ Other AYUSH graduates |
| Saundarya Ayurveda | BAMS/BSMS/BUMS/BHMS/BYN/MBBS/ Or Equivalent Medical degree/ B.Sc. in Skin Care and Aesthetic Medicine or any equivalent degree |
| Vrikshayurveda | BAMS/BSMS/B.Sc. (Agriculture) /B.Sc. (Horticulture)/ B.Sc. (Forestry)/ Any other Science Graduate passed with minimum 50% Marks |
MODE OF ADMISSION
| SCREENING TEST | INTERVIEW | |
| MORE THAN 20 APPLICANTS IN ANY ONE DEPARTMENT | YES | YES |
| LESS THAN 20 APPLICANTS IN ANY ONE DEPARTMENT | NO | YES |
SCREENING TEST
- 50% marks will be from the respective field
- Remaining 50% will be based on the general knowledge, current affairs and computer knowledge.
OFFLINE/ONLINE
- REGULAR OFFLINE COURSE ONLY OF 2 YEARS DURATION
- NO PROVISION FOR ONLINE COURSE
- FOREIGN STUDENTS
- NO PROVISION AS OF NOW.
FEE
| 1ST YEAR | Rs. 29650/- + REFUNDABLE Rs, 8000/- TOTAL = Rs.37650/- |
| 2ND YEAR | Rs. 26650/- |
Syllabus for Vrikshayurveda:
| Sl.No | Paper 1 | Basics of Ayurveda | 135 Hrs |
| 1 | Unit: 01 | Definition and Components of Ayu, definition and aim of Ayurveda, Brief introduction of Ayurveda Samhitas. | 4 |
| 2 | Definition of Swastha Purush, Introduction of Parameters of Swasthya and Tray-upastambha. | 6 | |
| 3 | Introduction of Concept of Panchmahabhuta Theory, Tridosha Theory and Loka Samya Purush. | 6 | |
| 4 | Introduction of Concept of Saptadhatu, Mala and Ojus. | 4 | |
| 5 | Introduction of Concept of Srotas. | 3 | |
| 6 | Introduction of Concept of Prakriti, Mana and Atma. | 5 | |
| 7 | Introduction of Concept of Raspanchaka. | 7 | |
| 8 | Introduction of Panchvidha Kshaya Kalpana. | 2 | |
| 9 | The concept of Roga, Main Etiological Factors, Chikitsa and its Types. | 4 | |
| 10 | Introduction of Various Sections/Departments of Ayurveda and their Specific Activities. | 14 | |
| 11 | Unit :02 | Definition of Word Research and Classification of Research – (pure/applied; qualitative/quantitative; observational and interventional) | 5 |
| 12 | Historical Background of Research in Ayurveda. | 2 | |
| 13 | Introduction to Classical Methods of Research- Aptopdesh, Pratyaksha Anuman and Yukti. | 6 | |
| 14 | Research Process- Brief Introduction of Selection of Topic, Review of Literature, Formulation of Hypothesis, Aims and Objectives, Materials and Methods, Observation and Results. | 4 | |
| 15 | Concept of Ethics in Research. | 2 | |
| 16 | Publication of Research, Structuring of Article (IMRAD). | 4 | |
| 17 | Brief Introduction of Medical Statistics | 2 | |
| 18 | Collection and Presentation of Data. | 4 | |
| 19 | Definition of Average, Percentile, Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode, Range, Standard Deviation and Standard Error. | 5 | |
| 20 | Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests. | 6 | |
| 21 | Unit : 03 History of Vrikshayurv eda | History and Scope of Vrikshayurveda. | 3 |
| 22 | Unit :04 Ethno- botany and folklore medicine | Ethnobotany, its scope, interdisciplinary approaches. | 2 |
| 23 | Ethnic groups of India : major and minor tribes, life styles of ethnic tribes, conservation practices of biodiversity, taboos and totems. | 3 | |
| 24 | World centers of Ethnobotany with special reference to India | 2 | |
| 25 | Role of Ethnobotany in national priorities specifically health care | 2 | |
| 26 | Unit :05 | Dravyaguna Shastra Paribhasa- Lakshana of | 1 |
| Introduction to Dravyagunav igyan | SaptaPadartha of DravyagunaVijnanavizDravya- Rasa- Guna- Virya- Vipaka- Prabhava and Karma. | ||
| 27 | Dravya: Etymological derivation, definition, panchbhoutikatwa. Classification of Dravya according to Samhitas and Nighantus Taxonomical classification. | 3 | |
| 28 | Guna: Etymological derivation, definition and Classification of Guna. Detailed knowledge of Gurvadi Guna & Paradigunas. | 5 | |
| 29 | Rasa: Etymological derivation, definition, Meaning of “Rasa” in various contexts. Shad Rasas (Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta, and Kashaya), Panchabhautik constitution of Rasas, Nirvrittiviseshakrama (manifestation in general and particular), Ritu and shad rasa Rasanurasayohbheda (Difference between rasa and anurasa), Lakshana (characteristics),Guna and Karma of shad Rasas, Kopana and Shamana of Dosha and dushya by Shad rasas. Effects of excess usage of Rasa. Rasopalabdhi, Rasaskandha. | 5 | |
| 30 | Vipak- Etymological derivation, definition, swaroop, types, guna and karma, vipakopalabdhi, difference between rasa and vipak, importance of vipak | 4 | |
| 31 | Veerya – Etymological derivation, definition, swaroop, number of veerya, panchbhautika composition, actions, veeryoplabdhi, veeryanirdharana, importance of veerya | 2 | |
| 32 | Prabhav – Etymological derivation, definition, swaroop | 2 | |
| 33 | Karma – Etymological derivation, definition, swaroop, brief knowledge of different types of karma mentioned in ayurveda | 6 |
| Sl.No. | Paper 2 | Plant Systematic, Pharmacognosy and Cell Biology | 135 Hrs |
| 1. | Unit 1 – Plant Systematic | Angiosperm Morphology, structural units and floral symmetry, dicot and monocot flower; structure, diversity origin and evolution of stamen, carpels; placentation types and evolution. Floral adaptation to different pollinators. | 10 |
| 2. | Angiosperm Taxonomy: Scope, aims, principles of taxonomy, historical development of plant taxonomy, Taxonomic structure: taxonomic hierarchy, concept of taxa, concept of species, concept of genus and family. | 5 | |
| 3. | Classification of angiosperms: Natural, Artificial, Phylogenetic system of classification | 2 | |
| 4. | Systems of classification: Linnaeus, Bentham & Hooker and Hutchinson (merits and demerits) | 2 | |
| 5. | Taxonomic tools: herbarium, floras, monographs, botanical gardens, biochemical and molecular techniques, computers and GIS. | 3 | |
| 6. | Plant nomenclature: Salient features of ICBN Probable ancestors of angiosperms, primitive living angiosperms, speciation and extinction, IUCN categories of threat, distribution and global pattern of biodiversity. | 3 |
| 7. | Study of Families (Dicot): Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae (Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioidae, Mimosoidae) Cucurbitaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Amaranthaceae | 10 | |
| 8. | Study of Families (Monocot): Liliaceae, Poaceae, Orchidaceae | 5 | |
| 9. | Unit 2 Pharmacog nosy | General introduction – History, definition and scope of pharmacognosy, , | 1 |
| 10. | Classification of crude drugs | 1 | |
| 11. | Scheme of pharmacognostic studies of crude drug, | 1 | |
| 12. | Phytopharmaceutical | 2 | |
| 13. | Analytical pharmacog nosy | Drug adulteration , | 2 |
| 14. | Methods of drug evaluation – Biological testing of herbal drugs, Phytochemical investigations | 3 | |
| 15. | Unit 3 Namroopgy an | Definition and importance | 2 |
| 16. | Ancient way of nomenclature of plants | 3 | |
| 17. | Unit 4 Cell and molecular biology | Cell wall: Structure; function; biogenesis and growth; cell differentiation | 3 |
| 18. | Plasma membrane: Membrane architecture (fluid mosaic model); sites for ATPases;membrane transport – ion carriers, channels, pumps and aquaporins; receptors. | 7 | |
| 19. | Plasmodesmata: Structure, role in movement of molecules and macromolecules; comparisonwith gap junction. | 4 | |
| 20. | Cellular organelles: Ultra-structure and function of golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, Endoplasmicreticulum, mitochondria, chloroplast and plant vacuoles. | 6 | |
| 21. | Cell shape and motility: The cytoskeleton; organization and role of microtubules andmicrofilaments; motor movements, implications in flagellar& other movements, cell division | 5 | |
| 22. | Protein sorting: Machinery involved, vesicles, coat proteins; protein targeting toplastids, mitochondria, peroxisomes, nucleus, vacuoles; modification during transport. | 5 | |
| 23. | Nucleus- Ultra structure and functions, Chromosome structure and types, | 4 | |
| 24. | DNA- Denaturation and Renaturation, C-value paradox, DNA replication – polymerases, primers and mechanism – molecular methods of DNA replication. | 5 | |
| 25. | RNA – Types, molecular organization, genetic code, transcription mechanism in prokaryotes and post transcription processing, enzyme system in transcription, transcription process in eukaryotes. Ribosomes and Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes | 5 | |
| 26. | Cell cycle and apoptosis: Control mechanisms, role of | 5 |
| cyclins and cyclindependentkinases; retinoblastoma and E2F proteins; cytokinesis and cell plate formation; programmed cell death in plants; regulation in plant growth and development. | |||
| 27. | Signal transduction: Overview, receptors and G- proteins, phospholipid signaling, role of cyclic nucleotides, calcium- calmodulin cascades, diversity in protein kinases and phosphatases, specific signaling mechanisms e.g. two- component sensor-regulator system in bacteria and plants, sucrose sensing mechanism | 7 | |
| 28. | Techniques: Electrophoresis, immunotechniques, FISH, GISH, confocal microscopy, Gene amplification – PCR, DNA finger printing. | 4 | |
| 135 Hrs |
| Sl.No | Paper 3 | Plant-Biochemistry, Metabolism andPathology | 135 Hrs |
| 1. | Unit 1 Plant Biochemistry | Biochemical organisation of the cell and transport processes across cell membrane. | 3 |
| 2. | The concept of free energy, determination of change in free energy from equilibrium constant and reduction potential, bioenergetics, production of ATP andits biological significance. | 10 | |
| 3. | Introduction to 3D structure of protein, stability and denaturation of protein, allosteric proteins. | 4 | |
| 4. | Enzymes : Nomenclature, enzyme kinetics and its mechanism of action, mechanism of inhibition, enzymes and iso-enzymes in clinical diagnosis. | 6 | |
| 5. | Co-enzymes : Vitamins as co-enzymes and their significance, Metals as coenzymesand their significance. | 5 | |
| 6. | Lipids Metabolism : Oxidation of fatty acids, a-oxidation & energetic, B-oxidation, μ-oxidation, Biosynthesis of ketone bodies and their utilization, Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Control of lipid metabolism,Essential fatty acids & eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes) phospholipids, and sphingolipids. | 12 | |
| 7. | Biological Oxidation : Redox-Potential, enzymes and co- enzymes involved inoxidation reduction & its control, The respiratory chain, its role in energy captureand its control, Energetic of oxidative phosphorylation, Inhibitors of respiratorychain and oxidative phosphorylation, Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. | 10 | |
| 8. | Unit 2 Plant metabolism and development | Plant-water relations: Properties of water, diffusion, diffusion pressure deficit and its significance; Osmosis: Concept, types, osmotic potential and its significance; Imbibition: concept and significance Water conduction through xylem: Root pressure theory, cohesion-adhesion theory; transpiration; stomatal opening mechanism with reference to K+ -malate hypothesis Phloem transport: Munch hypothesis | 10 |
| 9. | Mineral nutrition: Role and deficiency symptoms of macro- and micro- nutrients (N, P, Fe, Mn, B, Ca); Solute | 10 |
| transport: passive (Donnan’s equilibrium), active (carrier concept) Respiration: Structure of ATP, types (aerobic and anaerobic respiration), respiratory substrates and Respiration quotient, glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (ETS), chemiosmotic potential theory; fermentation (alcohol and lactic acid), photorespiration | |||
| 10. | Photosynthesis: concept, definition, significance, photosynthetic pigments and their role, action spectra, Emerson’s enhancement effect, red drop mechanism; photolysis of water (Hill’s reaction), cyclic and non- cyclic photophosphorylation, Light independent reactions: C3, C4 and CAM pathways and their significance; factors affecting photosynthesis Nitrogen metabolism: Mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation, importance of nitrate reductase | 10 | |
| 11. | Phytochromes: Pr and Pfr forms, their role, Circadian rhythms and biological clock | 4 | |
| 12. | Plant growth regulators: Role of auxin, cytokinins, gibberilins, ABA and ethylene | 4 | |
| 13. | Plant movements: Tropic and nastic movements Photoperiodism: physiology of flowering, photoperiodism and vernalization, role of florigen | 4 | |
| 14. | Senescence and abscission | 1 | |
| 15. | Seed dormancy: Causes and role, methods to break seed dormancy | 3 | |
| 16. | Plant defence: Definition: Hypersensitive response and Systemic acquired resistance; Role of secondary metabolites (Terpenes and phenolic compounds) | 4 | |
| 17. | Unit 3 Plant pathology | Importance, definitions and concepts of plant diseases, history and growth of plant pathology, biotic and abiotic causes of plant diseases. | 4 |
| 18. | Growth, reproduction, survival and dispersal of important plant pathogens, role of environment and host nutrition on disease development. | 4 | |
| 19. | Host parasite interaction, recognition concept and infection, symptomatology, disease development- role of enzymes, toxins, growth regulators; defense strategiesoxidative burst | 4 | |
| 20. | Phenolics, Phytoalexins, PR proteins, Elicitors. Altered plant metabolism as affected by plant pathogens | 2 | |
| 21. | Genetics of resistance; ‘R’ genes; mechanism of genetic variation in pathogens; molecular basis for resistance; marker-assisted selection; genetic engineering for disease resistance. | 4 | |
| 22. | Disease management strategies. | 2 | |
| 23. | Unit 4 Basics of cultivation | Fundamentals of cultivation methods – Agro-climatic parameters, Propagation methods, Nursery Methods, Plant Protection Measures, Harvesting & Post Harvesting Management, etc. | 15 |
| Total | 135 |
| Sl.No | Paper 4 | Phytochemistry, Herbal Drug related technologies and development | 135 Hrs |
| 1. | Unit 1 Natural plant products &Phyto- chemistry- | Carbohydrates – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomencleture, Sources | 4 |
| 2. | Glycosides – :Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Sources, importance, Structure , chemistry | 5 | |
| 3. | Vitamins – :Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Source, importance,Structure , chemistry , structural elucidation of Ascorbic acid | 4 | |
| 4. | Steroids – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Source, importance,Structure, chemistry, structural elucidation of cholesterol. | 4 | |
| 5. | Terpenoids – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Source, importance, Structure, chemistry , structural elucidation of Citral, Menthol and Zingiberene.Isoprene and Special Isoprene rule. Anti-bioti | 5 | |
| 6. | Plant harmones – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Source,importance, Structure, chemistry, structural elucidation of Auxins. | 4 | |
| 7. | Natural pigments – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Sources, importance, Structure , chemistry , | 3 | |
| 8. | Amino acid – Introduction, Definition, Classification , Nomenclature, Source,importance, Preparation and Properties of amino acids. | 3 | |
| 9. | Alkaloids – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Sources, importance,Structure, chemistry, | 5 | |
| 10. | Lipids (Fixed oils, Fats & Waxes) – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Sources enzymes and protein drugs | 4 | |
| 11. | Volatile Oils – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Sources | 3 | |
| 12. | Tannins-Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Sources | 3 | |
| 13. | Resins – Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Sources | 3 | |
| 14. | Unit 2 – Drug standardization – in terms of Phyto-chemistry and Pharmacology | ||
| 15. | General Introduction: Definition, source of herbal raw materials, identification, authentication, standardization of medicinal plants as per WHO guidelines & different herbal pharmacopoeias. | 4 | |
| 16. | Standardizations: Determination of physical and | 4 |
| chemical constants such as extractive values, moisture content, volatile oil content, ash values, bitterness value and foreign matters applicable to the various herbal drugs. | |||
| 17. | Drug Research (Laboratory-based)- Basic knowledge of the following: Drug sources: plant, animal and mineral. | 2 | |
| 18. | Methods of drug identification. | 2 | |
| 19. | Unit 3 Safety issues and Quality Control Measures. | Quality control and standardization aspects: Basic knowledge of Pharmacopoeial standards and parameters as set by Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. | 4 |
| 20. | Safety aspects: Protocols for assessing acute, sub- acute and chronic toxicity studies. Familiarization with AYUSH guidelines (Rule 170), CDCSO and OECD guidelines. | 4 | |
| 21. | Unit 4. Herbal drug related Technologies and Development | Methods of extraction, isolation and purification of phyto-constituents. | 3 |
| 22. | HPLC, HPTLC and other advanced techniques. | 3 | |
| 23. | General methods of processing a herb – Definition, sources, identification and authentification of herbs; Different methods of processing of herbs like collection, harvesting, garbling, packing and storage conditions; Methods of drying – Natural and artificial drying methods with their merits and demerits | 8 | |
| 24. | Methods of preparation of herbal extract and essential oils – Principles of extraction and selection of suitable extraction method; Different methods of extraction including maceration, percolation, hot continuous extraction, pilot scale extraction and supercritical fluid extraction with their merits and demerits; Purification and Recovery of Solvents. | 8 | |
| 25. | Isolation and estimation of phyto-constituents. | 3 | |
| 26. | Unit 5. Modern analytical techniques | ||
| 27. | Spectroscopic techniques | UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Principle of UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Chromophores and their interaction with UV-visible radiation and their utilization in structural, qualitative and quantitative analysis of drug molecules. Fundamentals of Optical Rotatory Dispersion. Cotton effect curves, octant rule, circular dichroism. | 8 |
| 28. | Infrared Spectroscopy: Infrared radiation and its interaction with organic molecules, vibrational mode of bonds, instrumentation and applications, interpretation of IR spectra. FTIR and ATR, X-ray diffraction methods | 6 |
| 29. | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Magnetic properties of nuclei, field and precession, chemical shift concept, isotopic nuclei, reference standards and solvents. 1 H NMR spectra, chemical shifts, multiplicity, coupling constants, integration of signals, interpretation of spectra, decoupling- double resonance and shift reagent methods; APT and DEPT techniques. | 8 | |
| 30. | Chromatographic techniques | Chromatographic techniques: Principles of separation and application of Column, Paper, Thin layer and Gas chromatography, HPLC, HPTLC, Size exclusion chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Electrophoresis. Instrumentation of HPLC, Preparative and micropore columns, Reverse phase columns, Mobile phase selection and detectors in HPLC. | 8 |
| 31. | Unit 6. Basic knowledge of pharmacology especially experimental pharmacology. | Introduction to pharmacology- Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, Natural Product Pharmacology. | 5 |
| 32. | Introduction to experimental pharmacology- knowledge of different animal models for assessing the plant safety and efficacy | 5 | |
| Total | 135 Hrs |
| Sl.No | Practical | 540 Hrs |
| 1. | Assessment of Prakriti | 2 |
| 2. | Determination of rasa panchaka in some common dravyas | 4 |
| 3. | Introduction of various sections/departments of Ayurveda | 14 |
| 4. | Clinical protocol writing exercise on a given problem | 15 |
| 5. | Scientific article writing | 5 |
| 6. | Identification of medicinal plants ( medicinal plant garden visits 3 hrs per week) | 90 |
| 7. | Microscopy of 30 medicinal plants | 90 |
| 8. | Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evalution of 15 plants | 90 |
| 9. | Practical related with plant pathology | 10 |
| 10. | Different laboratory visits to understanding different techniques HPLC, HPTLC, Spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques | 50 |
| 11. | Experiments with minimum 5 animal model | 30 |
| 12. | Field visits for understanding cultivation techniques – 5 plants | 50 |
| 13. | Practical training of extraction of different phytochemicals | 50 |
| 14. | Practical training regarding different physicochemical parameters of plants | 40 |
2nd Year
| Sl.No | Paper 1 | Basics of plant production & breeding techniques – Ancient and modern methods | 135 Hrs | |||||
| 1. | Unit 1. Production | Principles of Crop | – Definition and scope of Agronomy, | 3 | ||||
| 2. | Classification of Crops on Different basis, | 3 | ||||||
| 3. | General principles of Crop production : Climate, soil and its preparation, seed and seed sowing, post-sowing tillage, water management, nutrition, plant protection measures, harvesting, threshing and storage, | 15 | ||||||
| 4. | Crop sequences and systems with emphasis on mixed cropping and inter cropping, etc. | 5 | ||||||
| 5. | Unit 2 Fundamentals of Soil Science – | |||||||
| 6. | Definition of Soil, Components of Soil and their role in agriculture, , | 3 | ||||||
| 7. | Soil forming rocks and minerals, Development of Soil profile, Soil formation, factors affecting soil formation, soil forming processes | 5 | ||||||
| 8. | Soil reaction and its measurements and significance, | 5 | ||||||
| 9. | Physical properties of soil, and their significance, Chemical properties of soil, cation and anion exchange phenomenon and their importance in agriculture, etc. | 10 | ||||||
| 10. | Principles and Practices of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management | 5 | ||||||
| 11. | Unit 3. Agricultural Meteorology | – Different meteorological variables related to agriculture, ,. | 10 | |||||
| 12. | Rainfall- Hydrologic cycle and it’s components, Types and forms of precipitation | 8 | ||||||
| 13. | Humidity, definition, windvane, Anemo- meter, | 5 | ||||||
| 14. | Indian Agro Climatic Zones Elementary idea of weather forecasting, | 5 | ||||||
| 15. | Unit 4. Physiology | Elementary Crop | – Role of plant physiology in agriculture, Cell structure and function, | 10 | ||||
| 16. | Bio-Physico-chemical phenomenon- diffusion, osmosis plasmolysis and imbibitions, Absorption of water and mineral salts, | 10 | ||||||
| 17. | Photosynthesis reactions, etc. | – | light | and | dark | 5 | ||
| 18. | Unit 5. Principles of Plant Breeding | – Plant Breeding-history, objectives and scope, | 5 |
| 19. | Mode of reproduction in crop plants in relation to breeding techniques, | 20 | |
| 20. | Plant variation kind and causes, Genetic consequences of self and cross pollinated crops, etc | 5 | |
| Total | 135 Hrs. |
| Sl.No | Paper 2 | Medicinal Plants Cultivation, Collection and Conservation | 135 Hrs |
| 1. | Unit 1. Conservation of medicinal Conservation | Need of conservation of medicinal plants, Types of conservation – in situ, ex situ | 5 |
| 2. | Knowledge of Extinct, Endangered, Vulnareble species of medicinal plants and their conservation method | 5 | |
| 3. | Unit 2. | Cultivation & Conservation techniques of 100 selected medicinal plants | 100 |
| 4. | Unit 3. | Good Agricultural & Collection Practices – GACP guidelines | 5 |
| 5. | Unit 4. Organic farming- Ancient and modern techniques | Definition, History, scope, and importance | 5 |
| 6. | Different Methods of organic farming | 5 | |
| 7. | Unit 5. Collection practices – Ancient and modern aspects | Ancient method of plant collection – according to season and according to maturity of plant parts | 5 |
| 8. | Modern methods of plant collection and storage of raw material | 5 | |
| Sl.No. | Paper 3 | Medicinal Plants Improvement and Legal Issues | 135 Hrs. |
| 1. | Unit 1. Improvement of medicinal plants – | Ancient and modern methods for improvement of medicinal plants. | 40 |
| 2. | Unit 2. Biotechnological Approaches and Agro- techniques for Medicinal Plants | ||
| 3. | Cell and Tissue Culture | Plant tissue culture media, plant hormones and growth regulators in tissue culture, preparation of suitable explants – Immunodiagnostics and molecular diagnostics in selection of elite plant species – Callus culture, suspension cultures, embryo culture; anther, pollen and ovary cultures. Micropropagation of plants – somatic embryogenesis, protoplast culture, somatic hybridization and synthetic seeds. | 30 |
| 4. | Genetic engineering in plants | Genetic engineering in plants, selectable markers, reporter genes and promoters used in plant vectors – direct transformation of plants by physical methods | 15 |
| 5. | Application of DNA technology – transgenic plants with reference to virus and pest resistances – herbicidal resistance – stress tolerance (heat & salt) – cytoplasmic male sterility – resistance to fungi and bacteria – delay of fruit ripening – secondary metabolite production | 15 | |
| 6. | Unit 3. Introduction to organizations | National Medicinal Plants Board, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Food and Agriculture Organization etc. | 10 |
| 7. | Contribution of national research laboratories (CDRI, CIMAP,RRC,AND NBRI) in medicinal plants | 10 | |
| 8. | Unit 4. Legal issues regarding collection and cultivation practices. | Biopiracy | 5 |
| 9. | Intellectual Property Rights and patents | 5 | |
| 10. | Pharmacovigilance | 5 | |
| Total | 135 Hrs. |
| Sl.No | Paper 4 | Medicinal Plants – Trading, Funding, Entrepreneurship | 135 Hrs. |
| 1. | Unit 1. Trading and Economics of medicinal plants. | Marketing and utilization – Export of medicinally important plants (General aspects), | 4 |
| 2. | Market intermediaries and their role – Need for regulation in the present context | 4 | |
| 3. | Problems in medicinal plant Marketing from Demand and Supply and Institutions sides. – Marketing Efficiency – | 10 | |
| 4. | Structure Conduct and Performance analysis – Vertical and Horizontal integration – Integration over space, time and form-Vertical co-ordination, | 10 | |
| 5. | Direct marketing, – Contract farming and Retailing – Supply Chain Management – State trading, Warehousing and other Government agencies | 10 | |
| 6. | Performance and Strategies – Market infrastructure needs, performance and Government role | 10 | |
| 7. | Performance analysis of Regulated market and marketing societies. Analysis on contract farming and supply chain management of different medicinal plants | 10 | |
| 8. | Chain Analysis – quantitative estimation of supply chain efficiency – Market Intelligence – Characters, Accessibility, and Availability Price forecasting. | 10 | |
| 9. | Online searches for market information sources and interpretation of market intelligence reports | 10 |
| 10. | Unit 2. Knowledge of funding sources | Banking and sources of finance, working capital management, costing and pricing, Insurance etc | 10 |
| 11. | Unit 3. Entrepreneurship and management. | ||
| 12. | Entrepreneurship | Introduction to Entrepreneurship, Concept, characteristics of entrepreneur, types and functions of entrepreneur, difference between entrepreneur and a manager. knowledge of achievement motivation and positive psychology, risk assessments, SWOT analysis etc. | 12 |
| 13. | Management | The Business – Its Nature and Scope Meaning, characteristics, objectives and scope of business, difference between business and profession, interrelationship between industry, commerce and trade | 10 |
| 14. | Fundamentals of Management : Meaning, characteristics, difference between management and administration, management process, working capital management, inventory management, human resource management, production and operation management, marketing management. Accounting need, meaning, objectives, journal, ledger, trial balance, final accounts- profits and loss accounts, | 15 | |
| Total | 135 Hrs |
| Sl.No | Practical | 540 Hrs. |
| 1. | Dissertation on Selected Topic | 300 |
| 2. | Crop Field Visits for Minimum 15 Plants | 150 |
| 3. | Practical for Conservation Techniques for Minimum 15 Plants | 75 |
| 4. | Practical Training regarding Collection of Medicinal Plants | 15 |
| Total | 540 Hrs |