Ayurvedic Constitution-Based Oral Hygiene: Criteria for Choosing Plant-Based Dentifrices (Dānta-dhāvana)

Abstract

Introduction: Āyurveda emphasizes maintaining health in a healthy individual before focusing on treating diseases. Central to this concept is Dinācārya, which encompasses daily practices that promote wellness. One of the significant practices in Dinācārya is Dānta dhāvana (tooth cleaning), aimed at preserving and promoting oral hygiene. This study explores the role of Prakṛti Siddhānta (Āyurvedic body constitution) in selecting medicinal plants for personalized oral hygiene, specifically for Dāntadhāvana, and assesses their effectiveness based on different Prakṛti types.

Methods: A comprehensive review of literature, including classical texts like Bṛhattrayī and Laghutrayī, as well as online resources, was conducted to understand how Prakṛti Siddhānta influences the selection of medicinal plants for Dāntadhāvana. The study focuses on identifying herbs suitable for different Prakṛti types (Vāta, Pitta, Kapha) and evaluating their properties and benefits for oral health.

Results: The review found that selecting herbal trees based on Prakṛti types offers tailored benefits for oral hygiene. For Kapha-dominant individuals, herbs such as Arka (Calotropis procera) and Karañja (Pongamia pinnata), known for their Kaṭu-Tikta properties, effectively reduce excess mucus and improve gum health. Pitta-dominant individuals benefit from herbs like Khadira (Acacia catechu) and Nimba (Azadirachta indica), with Tikta qualities, that soothe inflammation and enhance freshness. For Vāta-dominant individuals, herbs such as Madhūka (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and Dāḍima (Punica granatum), known for their hydrating properties, can help prevent tooth sensitivity and dry mouth. These findings emphasize the importance of customizing oral care based on Prakṛti for optimal results.

Discussion: Integrating Prakṛti Siddhānta into Dāntadhāvana offers a personalized approach to oral hygiene, ensuring that individuals receive the full benefits of herbs suited to their unique constitution. The selection of plants according to Prakṛti helps in addressing specific oral health needs such as reducing plaque, soothing inflammation, improving gum health, and preventing dryness or excess salivation. This targeted use of medicinal plants provides a more effective, holistic approach to dental care. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of Prakṛti-specific herbal treatments in oral hygiene practices.