Clinical Assessment and Therapeutic Implications of Snehana Therapy in Ayurveda: An Analysis of Carakasamhita and Its Commentaries

Dr. Nandeesh J.; Prof. (Dr.) Gopesh Mangal; Prof. (Dr.) Asit K. Panja; Dr. Bhuvnesh Kumar Sharma

doi:10.63247/3048-7390.vol.1.issue6.7

Authors

Dr. Nandeesh J. National Institute of Ayurveda (DU), Jaipur Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-4891
Prof. (Dr.) Gopesh Mangal National Institute of Ayurveda (DU), Jaipur Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-0820
Prof. (Dr.) Asit K. Panja National Institute of Ayurveda (DU), Jaipur Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4968-367X
Dr. Bhuvnesh Kumar Sharma Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63247/3048-7390.vol.1.issue6.7

Keywords:

Carakasamhita, Snehana, Oleation, Clinical Assessment

Abstract

Introduction:
Snehana (oleation) therapy is a key preparatory treatment in Ayurveda, particularly before purification procedures like Vamana (therapeutic emesis) and Virechana (therapeutic purgation). It is primarily used to balance Vata dosha and is vital for maintaining tissue health and promoting overall well-being. This article aims to explore the clinical assessment criteria of Snehana based on the descriptions in Carakasamhita and its associated commentaries.

Methods:

A comprehensive review of Carakasamhita and Ayurvedic commentaries such as Ayurvedadeepika, Jalpakalpataru, Carakapradeepika, and Carakopaskara was conducted. The assessment criteria of Snehana, categorized into insufficient, proper, and excessive oleation, were extracted and compared across the texts. The analysis focused on the physiological effects of oleation on the body, particularly its impact on digestion, Vata movement, and the overall condition of the skin and stools.

Results:

The study identifies three key categories of oleation:

Insufficient Oleation: Hard, dry stools, improper Vata movement, weak digestion, and rough, dry skin.
Proper Oleation: Moist, soft stools, proper Vata movement, strong digestive fire, and soft, unctuous skin.
Excessive Oleation: Pale skin, sluggishness, undigested stools, and symptoms of lethargy and drowsiness.

Discussion:

Proper oleation is essential for optimal health, promoting the correct movement of Vata and enhancing metabolic function. Both insufficient and excessive oleation can disrupt the body’s balance, leading to various health issues. The findings highlight the importance of carefully assessing the level of oleation in clinical practice for effective therapeutic outcomes.
Keywords: Snehana, Oleation, Clinical Assessment, Carakasamhita

Author Biographies

Dr. Nandeesh J., National Institute of Ayurveda (DU), Jaipur

Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Ayurveda Samhita & Maulik Siddhant,
Prof. (Dr.) Gopesh Mangal, National Institute of Ayurveda (DU), Jaipur

Professor, Department of Panchakarma
Prof. (Dr.) Asit K. Panja, National Institute of Ayurveda (DU), Jaipur

Professor, Department of Ayurveda Samhita & Maulik Siddhant
Dr. Bhuvnesh Kumar Sharma

Research Officer, CCRAS, Jaipur & Former Associate Professor, Department of Ayurveda Samhita & Maulik Siddhant, National Institute of Ayurveda (DU), Jaipur.

References

[1] Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/13. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[2] Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/1. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[3] Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/57. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[4] Agniveśa. Caraka-Saṃhitā. 2nd part, Sūtrasthāna Chapters 13–30. Commentaries by Cakrapāṇidatta and Gaṅgādhara, edited by Sengupta NN, Sengupta B. Delhi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 2009. p. 610.

[5] Sarasvati J. Caraka Pradipika: Commentary on Caraka Samhita. SatyamShivamSundaram (ed.). Lahore: Motilal Banarsidass; 1946. p. 70. Available from: https://archive.org/details/cp-1_20200903. (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[6] Chakrapani on Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/57. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[7] Agniveśa. Caraka Saṃhitā. Vol. I, Sūtra Sthāna. Elaborated by Caraka and Dṛḍhabala, commentary by Sen Vidya Bhusan KYN. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan; 2023. p. 312.

[8] Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/58. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[9] Agniveśa. Caraka-Saṃhitā. 2nd part, Sūtrasthāna Chapters 13–30. Commentaries by Cakrapāṇidatta and Gaṅgādhara, edited by Sengupta NN, Sengupta B. Delhi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 2009. p. 610.

[10] Sarasvati J. Caraka Pradipika: Commentary on Caraka Samhita. SatyamShivamSundaram (ed.). Lahore: Motilal Banarsidass; 1946. p. 70. Available from: https://archive.org/details/cp-1_20200903. (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[11] Chakrapani on Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/58. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[12] Agniveśa. Caraka Saṃhitā. Vol. I, Sūtra Sthāna. Elaborated by Caraka and Dṛḍhabala, commentary by Sen Vidya Bhusan KYN. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan; 2023. p. 312.

[13] Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/59. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[14] Chakrapani on Carakasamhita, Sutrasthana, Snehadhyaya, 13/59. Available from http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[15] Sarasvati J. Caraka Pradipika: Commentary on Caraka Samhita. SatyamShivamSundaram (ed.). Lahore: Motilal Banarsidass; 1946. p. 70. Available from: https://archive.org/details/cp-1_20200903. (Accessed on 02/04/2025)

[16] Agniveśa. Caraka-Saṃhitā. 2nd part, Sūtrasthāna Chapters 13–30. Commentaries by Cakrapāṇidatta and Gaṅgādhara, edited by Sengupta NN, Sengupta B. Delhi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 2009. p. 611.

[17] Agniveśa. Caraka Saṃhitā. Vol. I, Sūtra Sthāna. Elaborated by Caraka and Dṛḍhabala, commentary by Sen Vidya Bhusan KYN. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan; 2023. p. 312.