A Review of Patolakaturohinyadi Kashaya as a Polyherbal Hepatoprotective Formulation

Abstract

Introduction:
Paṭolakaṭurohiṇyādi Kaṣāya (PKK) is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal decoction traditionally indicated in liver disorders, jaundice (Kāmala), blood purification, and detoxification. In recent years, growing experimental and clinical evidence has explored its hepatoprotective potential. Key constituent herbs such as Picrorhiza kurroa, Tinospora cordifolia, Trichosanthes dioica, and Cissampelos pareira have been extensively studied for their pharmacological actions relevant to liver protection.

Methods:
This narrative review compiles and critically analyzes classical Ayurvedic references, phytochemical profiles, modern pharmacological studies of individual ingredients, and available preclinical and clinical studies evaluating PKK. Safety data, limitations of existing studies, and gaps in current research were also assessed from published literature.

Results:
The reviewed evidence indicates that PKK and its constituent herbs exhibit hepatoprotective effects mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, membrane-stabilizing, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Preclinical studies demonstrate protection against chemically induced liver injury, while limited clinical studies suggest potential benefits in hepatic dysfunction and jaundice. The formulation appears to be generally safe when used as per classical guidelines.

Discussion:
Although existing data provide promising insights into the hepatoprotective role of PKK, the current evidence is limited by heterogeneity in study designs, lack of standardization, and small sample sizes. Well-designed randomized controlled trials, standardized formulations, and mechanistic studies are essential to establish stronger clinical evidence and facilitate wider acceptance of PKK in integrative hepatology.