Mutra Pariksha in Ayurveda: A Comprehensive Review with Correlation to Modern Urinalysis
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Abstract
Background: Āyurveda defines health as a state of equilibrium among Doṣas, Dhātus, and Malās, with Mutra (urine) regarded as an important metabolic waste reflecting internal physiological and pathological changes. Mutra Parīkṣā, a component of Aṣṭa-Sthāna Parīkṣā, has traditionally been used to assess Doṣa imbalance, disease progression, and prognosis based on parameters such as colour, quantity, clarity, odor, and consistency, including specialized methods like Taila Bindu Parīkṣā.
Objective: This review aims to critically evaluate the concept and diagnostic relevance of Mutra Parīkṣā in Āyurveda and compare it with modern urinalysis.
Methods: This study adopts a narrative review methodology. Classical Āyurveda texts including Caraka Saṃhitā, Suśruta Saṃhitā, Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya, Yogaratnākara, and other related Saṃhitās were reviewed along with authoritative commentaries. Contemporary biomedical literature on urinalysis was analyzed to identify conceptual correlations. Data were synthesized to evaluate diagnostic convergence, divergence, and integration potential.
Results: The analysis demonstrates conceptual overlaps between Āyurveda and modern approaches in assessing metabolic and systemic disorders, while highlighting methodological differences. Āyurveda urine examination emphasizes qualitative, functional assessment, whereas modern urinalysis relies on quantitative biochemical measurements. These approaches exhibit complementary strengths, particularly in the early detection of multisystem disorders.
Conclusion: Integrating Mutra Parīkṣā with modern urinalysis may enhance diagnostic comprehensiveness. Standardization of observational parameters and interdisciplinary research are essential to validate correlations and support clinical integration.
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