Critical Understanding of Agni and Artavakshaya in Women’s Health from Ayurveda Perspective

Abstract

Introduction:

Artavakshaya, a menstrual disorder associated with oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea, affects 13.5% and 3.5% of the population, respectively. In Ayurveda, it is primarily caused by dysfunction in Agni (metabolic fire), which governs the metabolism of Rasadhatu, the precursor of Artava (menstrual blood). Disturbances in Agni lead to imbalances in the dosha—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—resulting in improper formation of Artava.

Materials and Methods:

Information related to Artavakshaya was gathered through a critical analysis of major Ayurveda texts, including the Carakasamhita, Sushrutasamhita, and Ashtangahridayam. These classical texts provide detailed insights into the pathogenesis, classification of Agni, and treatment protocols for menstrual disorders. A comprehensive review was conducted on the role of Agni dysfunction, focusing on marga avarodha (channel obstruction) and dhatukshaya (depletion of dhatu). The analysis also emphasized therapeutic interventions for restoring Agni and purifying the channels to restore normal menstrual flow.

Results:

Ayurveda treatments for Artavakshaya emphasize restoring Agni through therapies such as Vamana (emesis), designed to balance soumyabhava and enhance agneyabhava. Additional treatments include the use of Agneyadravya and srotoshodhana, which help clear obstructions and regulate doshic imbalances, promoting proper menstrual flow.

Discussion:

The dysfunction of Agni is central to the pathogenesis of Artavakshaya, leading to impaired Rasadhatu metabolism and subsequent menstrual irregularities. Ayurveda approaches, focusing on the restoration of Agni and doshic balance, offer a holistic and effective treatment for managing Artavakshaya and supporting menstrual health.