Cervical Spondylosis as Manyāstambha: An Ayurvedic Review with Lifestyle and Yogic Recommendations

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical spondylosis is a common degenerative condition of the cervical spine, often characterized by neck pain, stiffness, and radiating sensations such as tingling or numbness from the shoulders to the fingers—typically due to nerve root compression. In the modern era, sedentary lifestyles, poor posture, prolonged computer usage, shift duties, irregular eating habits, and frequent travel contribute significantly to the development and progression of cervical spine disorders. In Āyurveda, a similar condition is described as Manyāstambha, one of the Nānātmaja Vāta Vyādhi. According to the Suśruta Saṃhitā, causes like daytime sleep, prolonged static postures, and continuous upward gazing disturb the balance of Vāta and Kapha, leading to stiffness and restricted movement in the neck. Clinically, Manyāstambha can be correlated with cervical spondylosis.

Methods: The present study is based on a thorough review of classical Āyurveda texts including Caraka Saṃhitā, Suśruta Saṃhitā, and Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya, alongside contemporary medical textbooks and published research articles. The focus was to explore the etiopathogenesis and symptomatology of Manyāstambha in light of cervical spondylosis and to understand the commonalities between Āyurveda and modern views on this condition

Results:

The literary analysis revealed that Manyāstambha closely resembles the clinical presentation of cervical spondylosis. The involvement of Vāta Doṣa, especially Vyāna Vāyu, in the Grīvā Pradeśa (cervical region), is emphasized in Āyurveda. Additionally, Śleṣaka Kapha is often noted as an associated or supporting doṣa (Anubandhī Doṣa), contributing to the stiffness and reduced mobility of the neck.

Discussion : This study supports the conceptual correlation between Manyāstambha and cervical spondylosis, offering a dual understanding rooted in both classical Āyurveda principles and modern biomedical science. Recognizing this overlap opens pathways for integrative approaches in the management of cervical spondylosis, including Āyurveda therapies aimed at balancing Vāta and reducing stiffness. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate Āyurveda interventions in managing such degenerative spinal conditions effectively.